If you’re running a Linux distro as your daily driver, you can still other distros and OS’. You can even enjoy macOS. You can run Catalina using the clover bootloader and you can even install macOS in a Docker container.
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Today we’re going to take a look at how set up a simple macOS Big Sur VM in QEMU, accelerated by KVM.
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- ALSO READHOW TO: Dual Boot macOS and Linux
- UPDATED TUTORIAL HOW TO: Install macOS Big Sur With OpenCore on Linux
REQUIREMENTS
- A modern Linux distribution
- QEMU > 2.11.1
- A CPU with Intel VT-x / AMD SVM support is required
- A CPU with SSE4.1 support is required for >= macOS Sierra
- A CPU with AVX2 support is required for >= macOS Mojave
- Internet access for the installation process
INSTALL QEMU & OTHER REQUIRED PACKAGES
Open the terminal and run: sudo apt install qemu uml-utilities virt-manager dmg2img git wget libguestfs-tools p7zip
NOTE: Adjust install command and, possibly, packages names according to your distro.
We will need a more packages but they will be installed later, when needed.
INSTALL macOS Big Sur
1. Open terminal and run git clone https://github.com/kholia/OSX-KVM.git macOS-Big-Sur. When you’re done cloning the git, cd into path with cd macOS-Big-Sur
2. Download macOS Big Sur installer from Apple with ./fetch-macOS.py --big-sur
2.1 If you want to download and install macOS High Sierra, Mojave or Catalina, just run ./fetch-macOS.py and choose which installer you want to download.
NOTE: This tutorial was written during macOS Big Sur’s developer beta stages. When Apple will release macOS Big Sur to the public, you’ll more than likely only have to run step 2.1 and skip steps 3-5 . If there will be any major change, this tutorial will be updated.
3. Install xar. Arch and derivates users can install xar from the AUR. Now we need to extract SharedSupport.dmg from InstallAssistant.pkg.
In the terminal, while in the macOS-Big-Sur folder, run: /path/to/xar-dir/xar/src/xar -xf InstallAssistant.pkg.
If you’ve installed xar from AUR, run: xar -xf InstallAssistant.pkg
4. Install darling-dmg. If you’re running Arch or derivates, you can install the package from the AUR. We will need it to mount SharedSupport.dmg
To do this run: mkdir temp && /path/to/darling-dmg-repo/darling-dmg SharedSupport.dmg temp
If you’ve installed the package from the AUR, run: darling-dmg SharedSupport.dmg temp
5. Now that SharedSupport.dmg is mounted we need to extract BaseSystem.dmg from it. The file we need is located inside a .zip file, so we’ll use 7zip to extract it. To do that, run:
7z e ./temp/com_apple_MobileAsset_MacSoftwareUpdate/*.zip AssetData/Restore/BaseSystem.dmg
6. Next step will be to convert BaseSystem.dmg to BaseSystem.img, an image that QEMU can work with. To convert the image, run: dmg2img BaseSystem.dmg BaseSystem.img
7. Create a virtual HDD image where macOS will be installed. Run qemu-img create -f qcow2 mac_hdd_ng.img 128G
NOTE: You can change the size of the virtual drive. 128 GB is just an example. Also if, for any reason, you want to change the name of the disk image from mac_hdd.img to something else, you’ll also have to update OpenCore-BS.sh to point to the new image name.
8. Lets set up and configure a bridge network connection which can be used by the VM can use to connect to the internet. Required for the installation process. To do this, run:
NOTE: If virbr0 network interface is not present on your system, it may have been deactivated. Try enabling it by using the following commands:
9. Now you’re ready to install macOS Big Sur. In theory. Because the script you need to run in order to install macOS comes preconfigured. So, for a basic install and run of macOS Big Sur, you won’t need to edit anything.
However, it comes preconfigured to use only 3GB or RAM. Let’s take care of that. Edit OpenCore-BS.sh with nano, micro or vim and set it to asign at least 8GB of RAM. More if you can spare it.
Now you can start the installation process. Run ./OpenCore-BS.sh . You’ll be greeted by this screen. Choose macOS Base System
10. First thing you’ll need to do is run Disk Utility and format your virtual drive.
11. Exit Disk Utility, choose Reinstall macOS and go through the usual installation steps.
12. During the installation process, your virtual machine will restart and will boot back up. When it does, choose macOS Installer to continue the installation.
13. After a loong time of installing, you will eventually be greeted with the welcome screen where you can set up your account and settings.
Don’t expect this to run just like a Mac. It’s a VM afterall. And it will feel sluggish mainly because there’s a lack of hardware acceleration. And this can only be fixed by passing through a graphics card to the VM. To learn how to do that and other tips, check out the official project on Github.
Many people may like the look and feel of Linux over other Desktop Operating Systems (OS). For this reason someone may want to install Linux on a Mac.To run Mac apps on Linux, you’ll need some sort of virtual machine or translation layer. Run a macOS Virtual Machine (All Apps) The most reliable way to run Mac apps on Linux is through a virtual machine. With a free, open-source hypervisor application like VirtualBox, you can run macOS on a virtual device on your Linux machine.
There are many types of Apple Mac systems available. For this article I used an iMac 6.1 from late 2006. The specs on the iMac are as follows:
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- Intel Core 2 Duo 2.16 GHz
- 24-Inch screen TFT Active Matrix LCD (1921x1200 native) display
- 667 MHz system bus
- 1 GB of RAM
- 250 GB Serial ATA (SATA) hard drive
- DVD±R DL 'SuperDrive'
- Nvidia GeForce 7300 GT video card 128 MB VRAM
- built-in iSight video camera
- built-in stereo speakers
3 USB 2.0 ports - Firewire '400' port
- Firewire '800' port
- built-in AirPort Extreme
- Gigabit Ethernet
- mini-DVI
The highest MacOS it can support is 10.6 or Snow Leopard. After I tried using the iMac and installing apps on it I found out that few apps supported Snow Leopard. For this reason I didn’t use the iMac often. Another reason is that the video card has an overheating issue which causes screen anomalies. The system runs better in winter when it is a little cooler.
NOTE: I got this iMac for less than $50. The shipping charge was more than the cost of the all-in-one (AIO) system.
The MacOS is what discouraged me since I couldn’t install very many any apps since it was older. I decided to install Linux and make the system better.
NOTE: Keep in mind that for an upgrade to Linux you must have an Intel processor. Since each Mac can have varying components you may also run into driver issues. For my iMac I was very lucky. The upgrade was smooth except the iSight webcam (which wasn’t too bad).
Linux Installation
I usually use Ubuntu, but I have been hearing a lot about Deepin so I decided to try it on my iMac. I downloaded Deepin 15.11 at https://www.deepin.org/en/download/.
NOTE: Some places on the Internet claim that you cannot install a 64-bit OS other than MacOS on a Mac. This is not true of all systems. On my iMac I can install a 64-bit version of Deepin.
Once you have the ISO downloaded you can use Etcher to extract the image to a USB Stick. The USB Stick should then be ready to boot on any system you wish to install Deepin Linux.
NOTE: Before starting the install I have found an issue with Deepin, which is not an issue with iMac. Do not have a secondary monitor or even a plug in the secondary video port. Deepin will not display the Desktop Environment properly if a secondary video port is detected as active.
Insert the USB Stick in the USB Port of the iMac and power on holding down the Option key and select EFI (second one) once it appears. Press the up arrow on the screen as shown in Figure 1. If you do not have an Apple keyboard then press the Left ALT key instead.
FIGURE 01
The iMac should then boot from the USB Stick. GRUB should appear and give you the option to ‘Install Deepin’. If you do not select an option then GRUB will timeout and select the installation option by default.
After everything is loaded you should see a screen similar to Figure 2. The screen is the beginning of the Deepin installation. Select the default language for the Installation as well as the OS. One you have made your selection make sure to check the box at the bottom to accept the End User License Agreement (EULA). After you have completed these tasks click on ‘Next’.
FIGURE 02
The next screen, shown in Figure 03, allows you to create a User Account for Deepin. Type in your preferred username. Do not capitalize the first letter (which it will warn you if you do). The System Name will be filled in with your username and ‘-PC’ added to it. You can change this as needed. You will then be required to type in your password and confirm it before clicking ‘Next’.
FIGURE 03
Figure 04 shows the next screen which prompt you to select your time zone from a world map. Make the appropriate selection and click ‘Next’.
FIGURE 04
The next screen, Figure 05, is where you select the drive to install Deepin. Initially you see the partitions created by MacOS X. You do not want to use the existing partitions. At the top of the screen select ‘Full Disk’ and you will see a screen similar to Figure 06.
FIGURE 05
FIGURE 06
Select the disk on which to install Deepin. You have a checkbox at the bottom to encrypt the drive. You can select this if you require it. Once done, select ‘Start Installation’.
The installation took about 14 minutes on my my iMac. Many screens will be shown about Deepin’s abilities. Once done you will be prompted to remove the USB Stick and reboot the system.
Once rebooted you should see a screen similar to Figure 07. The screen shows that Deepin is installed and starting.
FIGURE 07
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A logon screen should appear and prompt you to enter your password. Type in your password and press the Enter key or the arrow button next to the password prompt as shown in Figure 08.
FIGURE 08
After you log in you should see a white box appear on the screen. Music will play and you may see a video playing. My system did not show the video but I could hear the music. Click ‘Next’ to go on with the system configuration.
The next screen allows you to pick a Desktop Mode. You have the choice of ‘Efficient’ or ‘Fashion’ modes as seen in Figure 09.
FIGURE 09
Make your choice, which can be changed later, and click ‘Next’.
Your next option is enable or disable window effects as in Figure 10. Click ‘Next’ when you have made your choice.
FIGURE 10
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The last configuration option, Figure 11, lets you choose your default icons. Once you make your choice click on ‘Done’.FIGURE 11
After the settings have been saved the desktop should appear as shown in Figure 12. You will need to connect to the Internet either through an Ethernet connection or Wi-Fi.
FIGURE 12
iSight Webcam
The iSight Webcam requires some tools installed. You will need a file from the MacOSX installation media (which I will attach below but it will need to be unzipped). Once you have the media you can find the file at: “/Mac OS X Install DVD/System/Library/Extensions/IOUSBFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleUSBVideoSupport.kext/Contents/MacOS/AppleUSBVideoSupport”. Place this file in a location that you can type in the full path location. In a Terminal you need to type the following command:
sudo apt install isight-firmware-tools
After the download and installation a window will appear which will ask you if you have the ‘AppleUSBVideoSupport’ file. Answer ‘Yes’ and you will be prompted for the file location. Delete the current path and type in the location of the file and press Enter. The drivers should be extracted from the Apple file you copied. At this point you need to reboot to get the webcam to work.
I tested the iSight video camera using ‘Cheese’. To install ‘Cheese’ you need to open a Terminal and perform the commands:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install cheese -y
SuperDisk
I also burned a DVD using Brasero. The program needs to be installed using the following command:
sudo apt install brasero
Bluetooth
You need to install some programs for the Bluetooth to work properly. Use the following command to install them:
sudo apt install bluetooth bluez bluez-tools rfkill blueman
Once it is all installed you can list the available Bluetooth devices on your system with the command:
sudo rfkill list
The listing should show that your Bluetooth device is blocked or unblocked. If it is blocked then you need to run:
sudo rfkill unblock bluetooth
Now you can start the Bluetooth service by restarting the system. Once you log back into Deepin you should see an icon in the tray for Bluetooth. It is working, but you may have issues connecting to devices. With my system the Bluetooth adapter only supports Bluetooth 2.0. Older versions of Bluetooth do have issues with newer versions of Bluetooth on devices.
Conclusion
Everything seemed to work with little effort. Deepin is a very nice distro and if you choose ‘Fashion Mode’ during setup it kind of resembles MacOS. My one main issue, other than my overheating video card, is that there is only 1 GB of RAM. Things run smoothly unless I try to multitask by running multiple programs at once. I may try to upgrade my RAM to 2 GB since the system is capable of it. The Bluetooth version issue doesn’t bother me since I rarely use Bluetooth anyway. If I needed Bluetooth to work better I could buy a Bluetooth 5.0 dongle and place it in a USB port.
I hope this article helps you with getting Linux to work on your Mac. Please leave comments below if you have any issues with your Mac. Since there are quite a few models there may be issues with some of them. I hope that this article can help you get the majority of devices working properly.
LaTeX is free software under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL). LaTeX is distributed through CTAN servers or comes as part of many easily installable and usable TeX distributions provided by the TeX User Group (TUG) or third parties. If you run into trouble, visit the help section.
LaTeX is not a stand-alone typesetting program in itself, but document preparation software that runs on top of Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting system. TeX distributions usually bundle together all the parts needed for a working TeX system and they generally add to this both configuration and maintenance utilities. Nowadays LaTeX, and many of the packages built on it, form an important component of any major TeX distribution.
- The LaTeX Git Repository
The LaTeX team cannot guarantee that TeX distributions, even recent ones, contain the most recent version of LaTeX. It may happen that you need a more recent LaTeX than the one that your favourite TeX distribution carries, e.g., in order to get a particular bug fix. In that case you will need to fetch LaTeX from CTAN and install it on top of your distribution. See below for details.
TeX Distributions
If you’re new to TeX and LaTeX or just want an easy installation, geta full TeX distribution. The TeX Users Group (TUG) has a list of notable distributionsthat are entirely, or least primarily, free software.
Linux
Check your Linux distributions software source for a TeX distribution including LaTeX. You can also install the current TeX Live distribution directly---in fact this may be advisable as many Linux distributions only contain older versions of TeX Live, see Linux TeX Live package status for details.
Mac OS
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The MacTeX distribution contains everything you need, including a complete TeX system with LaTeX itself and editors to write documents.
Windows
Check out the MiKTeX or proTeXt or TeX Live distributions; they contain a complete TeX system with LaTeX itself and editors to write documents.
Online
LaTeX online services like Papeeria, Overleaf, ShareLaTeX, Datazar, and LaTeX base offer the ability to edit, view and download LaTeX files and resulting PDFs.
CTAN
You can obtain LaTeX from CTAN, which is theprimary source of distribution for LaTeX. In order for your downloadedLaTeX to be of any use, you have to obtain and set up a TeX systemfirst. You can either install a TeX distribution (see above) or get aTeX system from CTAN. Ifyou use a TeX distribution then it will include a version of LaTeX sothis will probably make things easier for you; but you may have areason not to do this.
The LaTeX Git Repository
These days the LaTeX development sources are kept in a GitHubrepository (previously we used SVN).
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Anyone can access it and download the files, butsubmission is restricted to team members. The repository is located at https://github.com/latex3/latex2eand from that browser page you may explore the files, clone therepository or download the files in a .zip archive (roughly 25Mb) byusing the appropriate buttons.
If you are familiar with Git you can also clone the repository using thecommand line or your favorite Git fontend tool, e.g.,
which needs about 50Mb of space.Alternatively, you can do a Subversion checkout from the command line, e.g.,
which will just checkout the current files.But be aware that a SVN checkout of the form
will download all files including theirhistory (back to 2009) and amounts to roughly 1.4Gb so that is quite large.
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Note: If you had bookmarked the old SVN repository please update thatbookmark to the new GIT repository as we have finally removed it.
A note on Git pull requests
Git repositories support distributed development and allow people toprovide change sets that are made available through so called pullrequests, so that the maintainers of a program can “pull the suggestedchanges” into the main repository.
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While we appreciate contributions, we think that for the core LaTeXsoftware pull requests are usually not a good approach (unless thechange has be already discussed and agreed upon).The stability of LaTeX is very important and this means that changes tothe kernel are necessarily very conservative. It also means that a lotof discussion has to happen before any changes are made. So if you dodecide to post a pull request, please bear this in mind: we doappreciate ideas, but cannot always integrate them into the kernel andit is quite likely that we reject updates made in this way.
If you want to discuss a possible contribution before (or instead of)making a pull request, we suggest you raise the topic first onthe LATEX-L list or drop aline to the team.
Historic LaTeX
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Ulrik Vieth has collected historic versions of LaTeX from LaTeX 2.0for TeX 1.0 (released on 11 December 1983) onwards. You can find thematftp://ftp.tug.org/historic/macros/latex-saildart/.There might even be some earlier versions. All files have been pulledfrom the SAILDART archive site at http://z.baumgart.org/ (no longeronline) which was based on archive tapes from SAIL at Stanford.
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More historic material can be found at ftp://ftp.tug.org/historic (you may not be able to open this in all browsers — alternatively try https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/historic/).